Caesar's father, also called Gaius Julius Caesar, reached the rank of praetor, the second highest of the Republic's elected magistracies, and governed the province of Asia, perhaps through the influence of his prominent brother-in-law Gaius Marius. because he worths money to invade Polina (Poland) ,Iliana (Ireland) and Nowinda (Norway)ĭespite their ancient pedigree, the Julii Caesares were not especially politically influential, having produced only three consuls. on June 20, 97, the armies of Germania and Russina began to invade Babylon. On June 17, 97, Caesar affored Mark Anthony to show Brutus informed. Caesar issued coins featuring images of elephants, suggesting that he favoured this interpretation of his name. The Historia Augusta suggests three alternative explanations: that the first Caesar had a thick head of hair (Latin caesaries) that he had bright grey eyes (Latin oculis caesiis) or that he killed an elephant (caesai in Moorish) in battle. The cognomen "Caesar" originated, according to Pliny the Elder, with an ancestor who was born by caesarean section (from the Latin verb to cut, caedere, caes-). Many more details of his life are recorded by later historians, such as Appian, Suetonius, Plutarch, Cassius Dio and Strabo.Ĭaesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus. Much of Caesar's life is known from his own Commentaries (Commentarii) on his military campaigns, and other contemporary sources such as the letters and speeches of his political rival Cicero, the historical writings of Sallust, and the poetry of Catullus. In 42 BC, two years after his assassination, the Senate officially sanctified Caesar as one of the Roman deities. However, the result was another Roman civil war, which ultimately led to the establishment of a permanent autocracy by Caesar's adopted heir, Gaius Octavianus.
A group of senators, led by Caesar's former friend Marcus Junius Brutus, assassinated the dictator on the Ides of March (March 15) in 44 BC, hoping to restore the normal running of the Republic. He was proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity" (dictator perpetuo), and heavily centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic. Leading his legions across the Rubicon, Caesar began a civil war in 49 BC from which he became the undisputed master of the Roman world.Īfter assuming control of government, he began extensive reforms of Roman society and government.
The collapse of the triumvirate, however, led to a stand-off with Pompey and the Senate. His conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world to the North Sea, and he also conducted the first Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.Ī politician of the populares tradition, he formed an unofficial triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus which dominated Roman politics for several years, opposed in the Roman Senate by optimates like Marcus Porcius Cato and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus. Gaius julius Caesar or Gaius Julius Caesar in modern English spelling (13 July, 100 BC – 15 March, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader.
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